miércoles, 15 de octubre de 2014

About the iambic pentameter.



Sonnet LIII

From time to time thy glass intact remains         a
There’s nothing more untrue, unfaithful self     b
Alone in pieces, thou and thy restrains                a
And those attempts are nothing but thyself.     b
Canst thou see? Is hiding alone and bare            c             
Excusing, grinning between clenched teeth       d
Pardon me not for this unfair despair                   c
But nothing can be done for what’s beneath    d
No summer breeze, no chilling rain can sing       e
The hideous verse that thou held and reflect    f
Upon warmest blood the blind fool can bring    e
To every idle lover what to protect:                       f
                Is it thou the one next to thy fair love,  g            
                Or is it the same shadow from above?  g

Wanna try something really cool? Count the syllables in any Shakespearean play or sonnet.

About the iambic pentameter, and why mathematics and poetry belong together:
  


And a nice how-to: 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6gxaL5wtLo


Hint about the theme:
    1.       Check the number.

Malvolio, why so serious?

Twelfth Night is said to have been written between 1601 and 1602. In those years, as we all know, Puritans were not the people everyone wanted to be friends with.  As we all know, they did not agree at all with certain elements present in the Church of England, because they considered that they had their origins in the Catholic Church. Puritans wanted to get rid of anything that had to do with Christianity; therefore, they were considered extremists.



As they intended to purify themselves and the Church of England, they tried to stay away from all the things that, according to them, promoted selfishness, amusement, and distracted from studying the Bible and devoting time to God. Among those distractions, the theatre was considered as one of the biggest invitations to sin; consequently, they would bother playwrights and try to close playhouses.

As a result, Shakespeare would mock them in his plays, and as evidence we have Malvolio. He represents perfectly the image that Puritans projected at the time: seriousness, restraint, killjoy, etc. Throughout the play, there are many instances in which Malvolio acts as a Puritan.



It is known that Puritans had their own interpretation of the Bible. They read it and handled what appeared there, so that it said what they wanted to hear, and they could have background arguments for their practices and beliefs.

In one part of the play, Malvolio reads a letter, supposedly written by Olivia, expressing her love and affection towards someone. As he reaches the end, he realizes the initial letters match his name, and instantly assumes that the letter is addressed to him: 

'I may command where I adore.' Why she may 
command me; I serve her: she is my lady. Why, this is evident
to any formal capacity; and there is no obstruction in this. 
And the end, -- What should that alphabetical position
portend? If I could make that resemble something in me -- softly! M,O,A,I,-- 
(Act II, Sc. 5. 105-110)

Here's the exact scene from the movie Twelfth Night:



Can you identify another specific moment?  How do you feel about Malvolio?





Sources:
"A BRIEF HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY IN ENGLAND." A History of Christianity in England. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
"A HISTORY OF 17TH CENTURY ENGLAND." England in the 17th Century. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
Bevington, David M. Shakespeare's Ideas: More Things in Heaven and Earth. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008. Print.
Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron's, 2002. Print.

martes, 14 de octubre de 2014

How I look and What I want....



When I started to read Twelfth night everything seemed a bit confusing; different names and characters that disguise to gain a position in society or to make their way into the city. After a couple of scenes things began to be clearer for me and I could not avoid making a comparison between the book and this famous Ben Stiller´s Movie Keeping the faith, where he and a friend from his childhood fall in love with the same woman.

Love wasn’t the thing that caught my attention primarily, but how both friends; one a catholic priest and the other a Jewish rabbi, act in relation with their position in society and the role they play for their love ones and moreover for the religious community. As well as in the book characters are constrained to behave in a certain way or even love according to society´s impositions or as seen in the play for the clothes they wear.
Even though both the movie and the play have a happy ending in which differences between characters come to agreements and people are able to love their significant others. The confusion with identity seen in the play for the prevalence of disguises as Viola for example whose male clothes act as an obstacle to express her love for Orsino. And in the movie when Jacob (Ben Stiller aka the Jewish rabbi) has to behave and find a woman who fits the Jewish community beliefs more than following his feelings, all these represented for the figure of a rabbi, not a real persona.

Other examples of the disguises and the changes of clothing representing the role some character want to have or they have to adapt in order to gain a space in the city, are the cases of Malvolio, who dressed in the way Olivia supposedly want him to wear, all these because Malvolio wanted Olivia to love him or Feste who impersonates Sir Topas, a clergyman to fool Malvolio again. Suggesting that appearance and clothes have the power to surpass their physical role.

Finally as we discussed in classes and taking again the concept of love, I can say that it is not real when we act according to the way we dress or the role we have. When we love truly we have to get rid of our appearance and be real. Maybe there are people, who think differently, but Viola, Orsino, Olivia and Sebastian were able to love when they abandoned their clothes in Viola´s sample or when they left their predispositions and beliefs. And in the case of Jacob and his friend, when they realize that not only the role they have in their community matters but also what their feelings were and more important the feelings of the woman they loved.

References:

Shakespeare, William. Twelfth night. London: Isaac Jaggard and Edward Blount, 1623. Print. 

lunes, 13 de octubre de 2014

What about a Shakespearean Disney Princess?

     Something that we love about Shakespeare’s stories is the way in which he shows women disguised as men. Let’s face it, it is a super entertaining aspect and it certainly caught our attention. Personally, I had never read much of his plays, so it was an unfamiliar topic to me. However, I recently realized that I knew a story about a girl that fought against the role that society had imposed to her, and she did so, disguised as a man. The girl that I’m mentioning is a Disney Princess. Let’s talk about Mulan.


     The original story of Hua Mulan is very similar to the Disney movie: It is the story of a girl who decides to run away and fight in a war to defend her father’s honor. There is no certain whether the story is based on real facts or not, but some registers indicates that the story lasts from the IV century; however, what we know about Mulan is based on an ancient Chinese poem called Ballad of Mulan. Poems, novels and even movies had been made based on the character, always portraying her as an empowered figure who after the war returned to her home, declining to receive any reward resulting from her performance on the battlefield.



     As we know, most of Shakespeare’s plays were created based on previously known stories. I wonder if he ever heard about the Chinese legend of a girl who disguised as a man constructed a new identity for herself, breaking the social rules.

I invite you all to know more about Mulan the warrior (not the princess.)



Christina Cortez Álvarez.

domingo, 12 de octubre de 2014

Natalia Aguila Morales -- Is it love just pheromones? --

Is it love just pheromones?


I have came across this question several times… when looking at couples that split suddenly without any particular reason but saying they don’t love anymore.
How could a so powerful feeling, that have inspired so many poets and writers along the years be so fragile these days? So I wonder, is it love or just hormones?

I have been wondering if -as in Midsummer Night’s dream- love could be created out of the blue, I mean, is there a potion? I remember that I read some years ago that, similarly to “The Perfume”, there could exist a potion that could put together some strong pheromones into it and it could be just like a love potion, you would feel attracted instantly to the person who is using it.

So, is it just physical attraction? because for me, at least there exist a difference. Psychological love is what you feel from the bottom of your heart not the same kind of love that you feel for your parents when you are a child or even a grown up, but similar. It is a caring love that moves you to do things for him/her, even things you don’t really want to do--like waking up earlier in the morning or bake something when you are tired just to see him/her happy face. That’s real love for me, when it trasspasses the barrier of physicall contact. It is when being with the loved one is not the ultimate necessity, because all you need is to know that the other person loves you back in the same way you do.

I have attached a webpage that is really interesting that shows the “steps” when you fall in love : http://www.youramazingbrain.org/lovesex/sciencelove.htm I invite you to take a look at that and tell me your opinion about it.

The Tricksters

This semester we have been reading Shakesperare's plays and without a doubt, I can say that the one that I enjoyed the most was A Midsummer´s Night Dream. All the characters in the play are enterteining, but among them all, the character that made that play so enjoyable to me and that caught my attention was definetely Puck A.K.A. Robin Goodfellow. He is a sprite, who serves to the fairy king Oberon and plays annoying tricks on people depending on his humor. But, what makes this character more interesting than the other character that can be found in the play?



As I mentioned before, he likes playing tricks on people and for this reason he is called a trickster. But this is not the only character that can be labeled as a trickster, in fact they have been characters that are commonly used in literature because of their intriguing nature. They are humorous characters and the humor comes from the fact that the things done by the tricskter are considered wrong or foolish . There are tricksters that are good and some others that are evil. A Trickster blures the lines between what is considered a childish prank or a malicious harm. For some scholars, the trickster purpose in narrative is  to be an outlet for strong emotions or actions, in which humans cannot indulge and to be an escape valve for society. In this sense, through the trickster humans can express whitout fear of being judged what would be unsafe to express outside the story.

Some other famous tricksters are Loki from the Norse Mythology, Brer Rabbit from the African folklore, Krishna from the Hindu mythology, and even some well-known an beloved cartoon characters as Bugs Bunny and Bart Simpson, who is know for his pranks.

As a Conclusion, the popularity of tricksters resides in the fact that they act without thinking of any repercussions, without thinking if something is good or evil, thet just want to have fun. On the contrary, we act modeled by society, so trickster's actions are secretly what we would like to do in certain situations.















References:
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/freedom/1865-1917/essays/trickster.htm
http://coursesite.uhcl.edu/HSH/Whitec/terms/T/trickster.htm

We all want to live in the woods


I have always wondered if I belong to this world we call "reality" , sometimes I wish I were able to live in what is in my mind because there is where I am the person who I dream to be.



When I read “midsummer’s night dream” the first thought tht came to my mind was that the lovers; Hermia, Lysander, Demetrious and Helena were only themselves where they were in the woods. Fantasy or "the woods" show the inner desires of everybody who inhabits there.
 It seems that the potion of love was a kind of “truth serum” instead of a simply a love potion.
It is true that the potion confused the lovers in a moment but maybe the objective was to show that people just want to feel love and enjoy the feeling of being mad in love for somebody else.

The wood represents our desires, dreams and madness; it represents what can become when we are not limited by “real society/world”. For me, it represents a state of mind that people consider to be wrong just for the fact that it is impulsive and unconscious.

In the play, the limit between the wood (dreams)  and Athens (reality) becomes blurry when the Athenians decide to go to the woods, the same happens when we decide to live against what have been imposed to us by the world.

 In the end, they all ended up with the love of their lives  and at the same time they were able to bring " inside of them", the wood to Athenas. 


I don’t know if I am right, wrong or if I get the right interpretation of the play, I am just telling you what I felt and what the play means to me that  is why  I would like to know more than just your literary interpretation of the play, but what you felt while reading it.


I found this quote on the internet yesterday and I couldn't agree more...What do you think about it
“To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.”  
                                                                                                                                        ― Ralph Waldo Emerson




*It was hard to write with just one hand, but I hope you understood what I tried to say*


Sources:
  • Shakespeare, William.A Midsummer Night's Dream.Ed. R.A. Foakes. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.Print
  • https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/876-to-be-yourself-in-a-world-that-is-constantly-trying

Metaphorically speaking...

I would like to start this entry by exposing my deep interest in every kind of metaphore. I just love them. I like the way in which they explain things with no explanations at all. You just grasp it or not. They get you to comprehend things about a subject using words from a totally different subject. Awesome! I think that they represent in every sense what literature is. What would literature be without them? They insert magic, creativity, cleverness, etc,. in every story. That is why I like them and, of course, I have my favourite ones. 
book heart by EvikIn Shakespeare´s Twelfth Night there is a very special one. After having  discussed a few scenes of this book, I´ve got to say that there was a metaphore that really caught my attention. Because the idea of perceiving our hearts as books that are divided into chapters depending on our intentions, mood, style, life experiences, is just great!  In Act I, Scene V, we can see how Olivia and Viola talk about a message which they refer to as "text" and it is located in Orsino´s bosom. However, the answer provided by Olivia is what finally brings us to fully comprehend the whole metaphore: "in his bosom! In what chapter of his bosom?" as if his heart was a book to be read. 
So, I thought: Do I know another metaphore to talk about the different faces of our personalities?
For sure, we can find several, but I prefer this one. I prefer it because apart from being clever, there is something else: it is a book which is in process. Now we are in one chapter of our lives and our heart might be read by some people too, but we don´t know what we will "read" in the next one. It is uncertain, even for ourselves. 
Twelfth Night
(Act 1. Scene 5)
[Exeunt MARIA and Attendants]
Now, sir, what is your text?
VIOLA Most sweet lady,
OLIVIA A comfortable doctrine, and much may be said 
of it. Where lies your text?
VIOLA In Orsino’s bosom.
OLIVIA In his bosom! In what chapter of his bosom?
VIOLA To answer by the method, in the first of 
his heart.
OLIVIA O, I have read it: it is heresy. Have you no more 
to say?
VIOLA Good madam, let me see your face
               

Love: Comedy or Tragedy (Daniel Riquelme)


Every time we think of a love song, we tend to associate them with all the beautiful feelings in the world. But, indeed, if we start to think on the lyrics we may realize that many of them express suffering or selfish love.

If music be the food of love, play on;
Give me excess of it, that, surfeiting,
The appetite may sicken, and so die.
That strain again! it had a dying fall:
O, it came o’er my ear like the sweet sound,
That breathes upon a bank of violets,
Stealing and giving odour! Enough; no more:
’Tis not so sweet now as it was before. (Act I)


In the very beginning, we can see how Orsino uses the music to express his feelings; probably his first purpose was to show his strong love towards Olivia, but know, as she is no capable to love because the loss of her brother, Orsino is expressing how painful love can be.
On the other hand Viola loves Orsino but, as Cesario, causes Olivia to fell in love with her. This is part of the androgyny of the character that can attract either men or women. In addition, Antonio’s homo-erotic love for Sebastian who only can reply with friendship.
Also, Malvolio’s love for Olivia is a tragedy which ends with him in a small dark room accused of madness.
This is a short view of the spider web created by joining all the love triangles, lost dots and relationships related on the play. As we know this is a comedy, we can expect a happy ending in which everybody finally found a partner. But, is love that simple? Why was necessary all this suffering? Is there always a happy ending?
These questions are not so simple to answer. This is because love is not a definite force and act differently in every singular case. Love may change situations, sometimes seems to defy fate, and most important changes the identity of people.

 Is love part of the comedy or tragedy of your life?  

Daniel Riquelme

Is Love or Madness?


After reading Twelfth Nights, I couldn’t stop thinking about the thin and slim line between Love and Madness. For instance in the play, everybody thought that Malvolio was acting as a crazy person while he was showing his feeling for Olivia. On the other hand, everybody thought that Orsino was deeply in love with Olivia.  Nobody questioned whether Orsino was the mad one and Malvolio was the one in love with Olivia. So, this made me think about the real difference among these feelings. What is love? And what is madness?


According to the Cambridge dictionary both words could be nouns. Moreover, Love is “a feeling of great fondness or enthusiasm for a person or thing” while Madness is “a stupid or dangerous behavior” But when we are in love; we act as we were stupid or under a spelt. So, does love drive us to madness? Well, I believe that the answer to that question is the reason why we spend our lives trying to find some like us that fulfill everything that we want. The other “half” of us.



Certainly, when we look a couple which looked in love, we can stop picturing us with our lover and if we don’t have a lover we think when will be my turn? Indeed, love is the one that makes us mad people. It is the feeling that we look for our entire lives and we hope that it last forever. So maybe that was the reason why Olivia never committed herself to Orsino, because she knew that Sebastian was coming for her. In the end, all we need is love.








References

Shakespeare, William. (1768-1821). Twelfth Night, or What You Will. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt et. al. New York: Norton.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-pFAFsTFTI

Super Viola

For some unknown reason, during this month I have been thinking and relating a lot of things with the concept of feminism and the role of women in society. In Elizabethan England, boys were formally educated but not  women, and only those women of higher class were given education. In a addition, we have been taught in classes that plays had an educative role for those people who did not know how to read. Both things combined lead me to think --and maybe it's obvious-- that Shakespeare in his novel, Twelfth Night, tried to educate, tried to make see the population that women were not as passive as they thought.
Super Viola

Very similar to Clark Kent, Viola/Cesario is the super hero of the novel. She disguises herself as Cesario and starts to move the events in the novel at her will. As Cesario she is able to change the mind of Olivia regarding Orsino and produces confusion in Orsino, as well, regarding his love for Olivia. Furthermore, her actions of disguising herself as a a man and looking extremelly similar to her brother Sebastian, cause that the latter marries with a wealthy woman as Olivia is.

Maybe, one can say that Viola's power is not that much as she had to portray a man to do something. However, I think that the message that could have been understood by Elizabethan women was that they had to use every resource they had in order to have a voice in society. Viola could have been a heroine for most women who felt themselves oppressed; Viola could have been the hope or the push that some women needed and/or took into account in order to make a decision.

I can also recall this saying: "Detrás de un gran hombre, hay una gran mujer" So Viola could have been a way to say to those oppressed women that through language they could have been able to change at least a bit of their reality.

Athens and the Woods




Joseph Noel Paton's 1846 depiction of A Midsummer's Night Dream
What most caught my attention of Midsummer’s night dream was the way the world of the fairies and the world of Athens collide. This collision is not a physical one as the two places never melt into one, but this happens when the lovers from Athens, Hermia and Lysander run away to the Woods.


Despite the lovers’ will, what happened while they were in the woods was something that they couldn’t control and it was a product of the games played by the fairies, especially Puck, in which the lovers transform into puppets of the fairies. Hermia and Lysander elope because they wanted to be together. However, Demetrius goes there following Hermia and Helena goes there following Demetrious, and that’s how the 4 of them got involved in this magical “experience”

The world of the fairies is a non-sense one, not only because of the consequences that the fairies games bring to the lovers, but also because their Queen, Titania, falls in love with a donkey because of a love potion. At the same time this evidences that the love is highly connected with the human’s irrationality and magic, in other words, is connected to madness.

The fairies’ effect on the lovers makes them go to physical and emotional; physical because they move from Athens to the Woods and emotional because they start loving someone that they would have never fell in love in Athens.

I think that Athens is the perfect scenario for this play as it is connected with both, magic –because of the Ancient Greek and its myths –and “human rationality” and laws –because of the biggest contribution of the Greeks in philosophy, laws, arts, literature and so on. This duality presented in Athens also shows the necessity of having magic side by side with reality, they need each other and also exists because the presence of the other; we wouldn’t have magic without reality nor reality without magic. Furthermore, both places represent an escape from the other one; when Hermia and Lysander were in Athens they feel the necessity to go to the Woods so that they would be together. However, when they were at the wood they realize that they need Athens because of this sort of “order” that existed there. 


References:

Shakespeare, William. Shakespeare's Comedy of A Midsummer-night's Dream. Ed, William. J, Rolfe. New York: American Book Company, 1903. Shakespeare Online. 08 October. 2014. http//www.shakespeare-online.com/plays/midsummer/mdsrolfe.html

Skottowe, Augustine. The Life of Shakespeare: Enquiries Into the Originality of His Dramatic Plots and Characters. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1824. 09 October, 2014. htt://theatrehistory.com/british/fairies_of_midsummer. html

Power, sexism and Titania in Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream"

Oberon, Titania and Puck with Fairies Dancing
William Blake, 1786
Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream" presents us with one of the most memorable female characters created by this author. Titania, Queen of the Fairies and Oberon's wife, seems to be the complete opposite of the typical Elizabethan wife: a regular wife would never argue with her husband, she would follow her husband's rules and keep her ideas and opinions to herself. Titania, of course, is nothing like this.

Titania was at odds with her husband, who wanted to possess an Indian prince. Why did this happen? Because Titania denied Oberon's wish! (this was some sort of a sexist conflict, since men were supposed to raise little boys and teach them things only men are supposed to know, ugh). But wait, Oberon wasn't very happy about it, he didn't go "Oh, okay, nevermind": he wanted to take revenge and sent Puck to find a flower that would make his wife fall in love with the first man (or animal?) she would see. The juice of this flower was rubbed on Titania's eyes while she was asleep, and once she woke up and saw Bottom (who already looked like an ass), she fell in love with him. 

Michelle Pfeiffer as Titania in the 1999's
movie "A Midsummer Night's Dream"
But I would like to pay attention to Titania's role as a woman in this play. She was the Queen of the Fairies, and as such, she had to be a strong woman and dominant figure who would challenge her husband's authority. Also, Titania was intelligent, sassy, powerful, daring and proud. Even her husband thinks so:


Oberon: Ill met by moonlight, proud Titania.

Titania: What, jealous Oberon! Fairies, skip hence:
I have fornsworn his bed and company.

And even when she falls in love with Bottom (let's remember she's under the influence of a love potion and Bottom looks like an ass), Titania still acts dominating and decided: Bottom just accepts what is happening and follows whatever Titania says or does. Again, Titania shows herself as an authoritative and dominant woman who likes to have others at her disposal. Anoher evident part of the play in which Titania shows her power, is when she falls in love with Bottom and orders him to stay in the forest:

Titania: Out of this wood do not desire to go:
Thou shalt remain here, whether thou wilt or no.
I am a spirit of no common rate;
The summer still doth tend upon my state;
And I do love thee: therefore, go with me.

A Midsummer Night's Dream depicts
how sexism worked in the Elizabethan
Era, even in Fairyland
By the end of the play, Titania is no longer a strong and dominant woman: she gives up her own will and gives Oberon the Indian boy, they reconcile and she becomes a submissive, humble and conventional Elizabethan woman, which somehow shows how at the end, men still have some dominance over women, even if they are strong, intelligent and daring. Maybe Shakespeare was afraid of giving a female character infinite power and a final victory, especially during the Elizabethan Era, time in which a woman with a voice would become a threat for society. Or even it was  an effective way to criticize the Elizabethan social order: maybe Shakespeare met many strong, intelligent, daring and sassy women who were controlled by a male-dominant society and others who didn't have the chance to speak their minds. 

Whatever Shakespeare tried to do, he successfully provided us with one of the best famale characters presented in literature. Furthemore, Titania represents all those strong, powerful and decided women out there who have been able to speak their minds and make their voices heard. Even though she was controlled by Oberon's power at the end of the play, it's important to pay attention to her as a character who along with other female characters, broke the mold of the typical Elizabethan woman. 

Way to go, Queen T! 


References:
  • Shakespeare, William. Four Comedies: A Midsummer Night's Dream, As You Like It, The Tempest, Twelfth Night. NY: Washington Square Press, Inc., 1962.
  • Greene, Lenz, Neely, eds. The Woman's Part: Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1980.
  • Squyer, Emily. The Feminist Subtext of Shakespeare's Leading Ladies. November 2010. Retrieved from http://www.wsu.edu/~ delahoyd/shakespeare/sample5.html.

Dealing with a Secret Crush

I think we have all dealt with having a secret crush at one point of our lives. We have feared that someone may find out about this or maybe we have daydreamed about how we are going to tell them that we like them. That is just life.

i like you

That is what Shakespeare presents us in Twelfth Night with the story of Viola. Check out how she describes her secret crush to the guy of her dreams without revealing to him that he's the object of her affection:

She never told her love,
But let concealment, like a worm i' the bud,
Feed on her damask cheek: she pined in thought,
And with a green and yellow melancholy
She sat like patience on a monument,
Smiling at grief. Was not this love indeed?

This speech describes perfectly what is to keep a love a secret, especially when you are too afraid of accepting yourself to tell the truth. I think this is the main point of everything. The reason why we keep having secret crushes is because we are insecure, because we're afraid they won't love us back if they know who we really are, or maybe is because we think that we are not good enough for the person, but let me tell you something WE ARE GOOD ENOUGH!

I'm convinced that if Viola got the guts to disguised herself as a man, she could have said the truth to Orsino from the beginning; she was definitely a woman with the qualities of a winner, the only problem was that she lived in a society that undervalued this characteristics in a woman which made her believed that she wasn't good enough and played an imposed role.

It is time to tell the Orsinos out there that we like them, it is time to stop hiding who we really are, and it is time to stop playing roles and pretending to be who we are not!

So classmates, my invitation is for you to confess your secret crush in this post. You can do it!!!

Sources:
http://www.gurl.com/2014/03/20/daily-struggles-secret-crush-gifs/
http://www.shmoop.com/twelfth-night/